![]() Superficial heat that ranges from 40–45 ☌ treats the application site to a depth of about 1 cm. However, as the review did not include several important randomized controlled trials (RCTs), another comprehensive review that focuses on the type and method of various heating modalities is needed. A recent systematic review suggested that heat therapy may be related to pain reduction, although rigorous high-quality trials are still needed before conclusive recommendations can be made 11. Therefore, many women also seek alternative therapies, such as heating pads for cramps, to manage their menstrual discomfort 4, 11. Typically, hormone contraceptives are used only for women who are not planning to become pregnant 9. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are considered the primary treatment for primary dysmenorrhea, but they commonly cause adverse effects (AEs), including indigestion, headaches, and drowsiness 10. ![]() Despite its negative effects and the availability of treatment at minimal cost, few patients with primary dysmenorrhea visit medical clinics, and members of this population are frequently undertreated 8, 9. ![]() Pelvic pain may also cause anxiety and depression, which can amplify the severity of pain 5– 7. Women with this condition report that menstruation has an immediate negative impact on their quality of life (QoL), whereas women who do not suffer from this condition do not report such an experience during menstruation 4. Dysmenorrheic pain is the primary cause of recurrent short-term school or work absenteeism among young women of childbearing age 4. Its estimated prevalence varies between 45% and 95% of all women of reproductive age 3. It frequently involves other symptoms, including sweating, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and tremulousness before or during menstration 2. ![]() Primary dysmenorrhea refers to painful menstrual cramps in the lower abdominal region during menstruation in the absence of any discernible macroscopic pelvic pathology 1. Our review provided suggestive evidence of the effectiveness of heat therapy for primary dysmenorrhea, but rigorous high-quality trials are still needed to provide robust evidence. However, these results are based on relatively few trials with small sample sizes. One RCT showed beneficial effects of heat therapy on menstrual pain compared with no treatment (n = 132 MD −4.04 VAS 95% CI −4.88 to −3.20 P < 0.001). Three RCTs found favorable effects of heating pads on menstrual pain compared with analgesic medication (n = 274 SMD −0.72 95% confidence interval −0.97 to −0.48 P < 0.001 two studies). Two RCTs found favorable effects of heat therapy on menstrual pain compared with unheated placebo therapy. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessments were performed by two independent reviewers. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that addressed heat therapy for patients with primary dysmenorrhea were included. We searched 11 databases for studies published through July 2018. We assessed the evidence on heat therapy as a treatment for primary dysmenorrhea. Heat therapy has been used as a treatment. Primary dysmenorrhea, which is menstrual pain without pelvic pathology, is the most common gynecologic condition in women.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |